What sparked WW1, How Did it End? :: World War I History

What sparked WW1, How Did it End? World War I was a war that took place I Eastern Europe during the years of 1914- 1918. This war involved the countries of Austria-Hungary and Serbia. The Serbians sparked these wars. In 1912, several Balkan states attacked Turkey. This sparked wars over these lands. Economic tension was also present. As international tensions grew, the great powers expanded their armies and navies. This gave the possibility of wars emerging at any time. Fear of war also gave military leaders great influence. British and German generals and admirals received the respect of the people and funding to build their forces. Serbia also wanted a South Slav empire, at this they would not stop for. A terrorist group called the Black Hand planned to kill the Archduke of Hungary Francis Ferdinand who planned to visit Sarajevo. On June 28th Gavrilo Princip assassinated Francis. Since he was under 20 years of age he was not executed. Instead he was sentenced to life in prison. He died in 1918 of tuberculosis. This severely angered the Austrians. They issued the Serbians an ultimatum. In it Austria stated to avoid war Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian officials involved in the murder plot. It must even let Austria join the investigation. Serbia agreed to most of the terms in the treaty, but not all. On July 28th Austria declared war on Serbia. Austria might not have declared war on Serbia if not for its longtime ally, Germany. In Berlin, Kaiser William II was horrified at the assignation of Francis Ferdinand and advised Francis Joseph to take a stand against the Serbia and assured him of German support. Instead of urging restraint, Germany gave Austria a "blank check." Serbia sought support from Russia. From St. Petersburg Nicholas II telegraphed William II. The czar asked William to urge Austria to soften its demands on the ultimatum. When this plea failed, Russia began to mobilize its troops. Russia then appealed to its ally, France. In Paris, nationalists saw this as a chance to avenge Frances defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. Italy remained neutral while Britain had to decide whether they should back their ally, France or remain neutral. Germany then decided to join the Russians and quickly defeat France in order to avoid a war on both sides of the country. This was their biggest fear.

Global Marketing :: essays research papers

New and improved products are developed almost daily, they are launched in the marketplace in hopes that the product will be accepted and purchased, the fate of any product is determined by consumers through their acceptance and purchase or rejection of the product. New product introductions are becoming more and more expensive and the product success rate is less than in previous years. The number of promotion methods to choose from can be overwhelming, and finding the best method which will allow the Palm Mercury to flourish in the market is a very challenging step to overcome. PalmOne has developed a new product and we want to tell a large number of people about it very quickly. Mass selling is our intention. Several of the approaches that will allow PalmOne to determine the potential success of the Mercury is to initiate a small, cost effective mass selling campaign that can easily grow to a much larger campaign in the coming months. We can put together a short campaign very cost effectively to quickly establish if this kind of promotion will work. One of the most effective approaches to reach people on the go is to advertise the product on the radio. Radio reaches tens of thousands of people each day while driving in their car, or listening at the beaches and the intended advertisements will reach our target listeners with our message. We will plan an advertisement campaign over a single week or multiple weeks in order maximize the impact. Advertisements will be run several ways through the radio stations. Radio stations love prizes and free products. PalmOne can provide a small number of the Palm Mercury’s for give-a-aways and contests. Contests have a high audience participation and retention rate giving PalmOne some much desired publicity. Picking the correct prize, the correct approach and the correct target audience will allow the Palm Mercury to receive desirable exposure for a minimal cost.

Third Landscape Design

Characteristics of a Third Landscape we were looking for : -Third landscape as no scale but it has limits . These limits are usually biological limits. -Third landscape is not in a constant evolution . It is rather Inconstant depending on the modality Of the environment . -Third landscape is an opportunity as it is a global landscape without function Inspired by our task we had to the landscape we have in mind. This landscape is situated inside the ring of Tirana. Despite its location it is a forsaken inhabited space.In its prime it was a chemical attack shelter for its nearby inhabitants. Now it's just a lump on the ground covered by uncontrolled vegetation . Its entrances are used as rash bins and its borders are occupied by abandoned and illegal parked cars. Our imagination did not dare to go inside there and think what kind of flora and fauna could actually grow inside of a humid 50 year old closed basement. Based in these first sight analysis we decided this place was the opport unity we were looking for.To start the action on this newly found Third Landscape we turn our attention to Gilles Clement and his words: â€Å"Acting on the Third Landscape is going with, not against nature, complying, observing and intervening as little as possible. Avoiding the regulations and remaining indifferent Avoiding the assumption of wanting to create models. The game of leaving things as they are (and as they evolve) does not, of course, avoid a decision. The action is there and it is traditional, wise, calling the skills of observation, classification and deduction into play.It is that of the scientist, not of the DID enthusiast, although in this case you start from what is already there and try to turn circumstances into opportunities. â€Å"(Cit. Gilles Clement Manifesto del Terror Passages. We began to work on the primal analysis of the area. First on a larger scale we divided the area based on its functions. After this on a smaller scale around our Third Landscape. We also divided the area based on the building types such as apartment buildings , villas etc.After this we tried to go deeper inside the history of this place. We went to the Military Archive and to find plants of this Communist era shelters. Fortunately the archivist helped us even with further information about communist era shelters. Apparently every building build back than had a shelter planned as a basement in case of air attacks or chemical attacks. Many of this actually still exist today but used in different functions such as lavender rooms or even apartments. Our shelter however was of a different kind.This kind was implemented in- between already existing buildings without a shelter to offer protection to everyone equally. The plan is very simple. Double entrance door with ventilation room in-between ,tight corridors with 2 rows of sits and 2 bathrooms on each side. If a chemical attack would happen we can only imagine how terrible it would have been for 50 plus people to fight to enter this narrow place. Back on the Third Landscape we start to study the vegetation biologically growing on top of the shelter. Plants found on top of it are typical vegetation for urban areas .Essence vagaries Canonicals European Acre obtuse Ruckus Calculate Panic Sanguine As last round of analysis we start to sketch the paths and itineraries created by our Third Landscape around the area along with walking paths , bicycle paths , road paths and car parking spaces. After gathering all the above material we state the cons of our existing Third Landscape Bad Space Management No trash control and recycle Illegal parking Lack of social function Hygiene problems inside shelter Uncontrolled vegetation growth Based on this problematic and Gilles Clement words we start to brainstorm or the final result of the project.Leaded by our project leader Laura Pedant we decide to turn the Third Landscape into Tirana first ever seed bank. The idea of the seed bank was our interpretatio n of Gilles Clement words as if the only way to treat a Third Landscape is going with the flow of nature and not going against it. A seed bank stores seeds as a source for planting in case seed reserves elsewhere are destroyed. It is a type of gene bank. The seeds stored may be food crops, or those of rare species to protect biodiversity The reasons for storing seeds may be varied.In the case f food crops, many useful plants that were developed over centuries are now no longer used for commercial agricultural production and are becoming rare. Storing seeds also guards against catastrophic events like natural disasters outbreaks of disease, or war . Unlike seed libraries or seeds swaps that encourage frequent reuse and sharing of seeds, seed banks are not typically open to the public. (courtesy of Wisped IA). As for the other problems affecting the outside of the shelter we decided to build a small park for the neighborhood to encourage recycle and a car free zone so it will be ore g reen and less smoke.

Managing Remote Employees

After four years with Outlook Marketing Services Inc, Jeff Rappaport, in January 2001,emailed his entire staff at Northbrook, 111, announcing Suzette sexton’s promotion.  It would have been too long a walk for Suzette, no wonder she opted to work from home. She was not at all disturbed as none of her colleague at the twenty-man business stopped by her office to congratulate her, rather the commendations came in great quantities in form of emails-she was embarrassed.Rappaport said â€Å"all her hard work was recognized and rewarded†.This in-turn affected him positively. He has been able to overcome the one of the most troublesome work any employer is likely to encounter in the workforce of today-he manage remote employees by simply keeping them excited and engaged with developing a firm. This is a sure task every leader must face for as long as the quest for success remains.The choice of working from home with computer and internet access has become a welcome lifestyle for employees. Increasingly small business owners accommodate this method of work for they tend to benefit a lot when their employees work from the comfort of their homes. The author of Managing Telework:† Strategies for managing the virtual workforce† Jack. M. Nilles (John Wiley and sons, 1998), said ‘productivity increases for most companies with remote workers’. Again, he said ‘the higher the salary, the more the productivity gain’Their some inner barriers in work –from-home relationship between the two parties- the employer and the employees. These business owners themselves are often the biggest barriers to a productive relationship. A telecommunicating and virtual office consultant, Gil Gordon, in Monmouth Junction, N.J, once said that ‘the hardest thing is learning to manage with your brain instead of your eyeballs’. The most important thing for employees to do is to have aims and meet them, not just work alone.The fo under of the twelve employee, Rye Brook, N.Y based Acappella software, David Bromberg, oversees his three programmers who works from home by measuring /checking their ability to complete jobs. Most experienced managers of remote workers have succeeded in making a change and thereby improved the pattern to imitate the existing ones.An online time clock added by Mike Birdsall and his wife Maureen to run their company ; Birdsall InteractiveInc,has helped them to checkmate the on   time the sixteen employees of Oakland,California,web design firm   if they are working from home. What he actually does is – punch in his hour just as if he is in his office.Lack of corresponding ways of measuring productivity in the office makes the employers frequent discovery on productivity for their remote employees futile. On the other hand smaller companies with the remote workers are often more productive for they seems more focused –managers frequently rely on wise looking ideas in giving out and measuring work progress. These are clues that are not evident as one works from the comfort of his or her home.The president of Manufacturing Consultant DKM Inc, Murat Sehidoglu, for instance, assigns projects regularly to his seventeen employees. Most of these employees seldom visit the office in Los Angeles. Sehidoglu admits that lack of face time makes him experience a continual difficulty in making such assignments. He does not even know if the employees understand the job whether they are really willing to continue in it.The ability to assign task to an employee and checkmate him or her progress, is what Gordon calls ‘Hallway Management’. Another way is by asking questions based on the field of job assigned to the employee involved as you come across him/ them at any spot throughout the day. This rather becomes difficult to do when the employee works from home. Employees and manager can be kept coordinated by electronic mailing system.Technology and smart management has tremendously helped in overcoming communication difficulties. To keep tabs on her seven workers scattered throughout the country Louise Guryan, The principal of Media Connection LLC in Seattle, uses the electronic mailing system (email). Sometimes she will deliberately plan an email, which every employee had to copy as they work with one another and at the same time maintaining the customers relation through direct-mail projects.By using regular conference calls Rappaport was able to stay in –touch with her remote employees. This is one vital role the telephone plays in managing remote employees. ‘We have weekly teleconference with everybody and while a project is going on, there are almost daily teleconferences between the people involved’ she says.Remote workers are often difficult to get on phone, not even a prompt email response. Managers new to work-at-home sometimes may have a wrong impression at this and may just conclude, they have go ne out for pleasure, whereas these remote workers may be doing something else or even trying to get a project done. So he certainly does not need any distractions!For an employee to be available during a particular hour, there must be a discussion in advance of agreeing to their working from the comfort of their homes, says Nilles.Top employees need not payphone bills for Birdsall always foot it. He believes he can always reach them during business hours for as long as their phones are on. This is discretion and management strategy. It is also worthy of note that nothing discourages clients like when they cannot reach someone. For this reason, Guryan established a single toll-free number that easily connects client with her employees.By screening and forwarding incoming business calls, firms can easily reach an employee’s home. Therefore, balance is required to get in touch with a work-from-home employee. A New York consultant, Caryn Furst, who manage remote workers by traini ng businesses said ‘you have to stay out of people’s way. I don’t respond to every messages going back and forth’. By email a fast progress observation might come in handy. For this Gordon said that for every circumstance, the right form of communication should be selected. On the other hand, dialoging the difficulties with a client might fail.Somebody working from home cannot be easily made angry. Though quarrels sometimes arises but one need to learn how to detect it from a distance.It is well agreed that an employee cannot do the work of an employer for he know virtually nothing about it. Take for instance an employee calling Bromberg to talk to an intending client about a project- He could not communicate well with the client. In communication with remote workers of today, it is either by phone or email for they are faster than the posted mail. Managers may find opposition if their emails are copied between two parties thereby making a rubbish of the m essages. This may cause a lot of unrest if one is not sensitive enough.Quarrels may arise between the remote workers and the office employees. the in-office employees should be addressed properly –letting them know why things are the way they are or it may arouse a high level of resentment. There should be a sensation to the fear among remote employees being sidelined.To this end Rappaport fights the problem and makes sure that his entire employees understood that teleworker are part and parcel of the company. Building on success while working with remote employees requires special training. Again, for this teleworkers not to get stranded later on, a comprehensive policy handbook should be given from inception by the company. By simply detailing what an employee should do, the avenue for confrontation will not occur.Rappaport did it and it worked for him. He ensured that by the 7th of each month, expenses reports are ready.  Every employer should endeavor to train their rem ote workers whenever any new technology is added to the company’s system. An example of such modern technology is the instant messaging (IM). The office friendliness that remote employees may lack could be increased by the use of IM, if properly introduced. Instant messaging provides an outlet for his programmers, says Bromberg. He also added that ‘it’s a source for our humor’.Even though remote workers chose to work from home sometimes they may feel isolated. to this recognition, Guryan encourages teleworkers to join organizations and socialize.  Employers like Furst and Rappaport deemed it necessary for clients to organize lunches and recreations after off-meetings so that office and remote workers can harmonize with one another-building a team spirit. Looking at the case of this employer called Sehidoglu, it was from the survey he had with the remote staff that gave him the eye-opener that he has not been communicating the vision of the company to his staff properly. He thus opted to spending a part of every eyeball-to-eyeball meeting to relate an up to date running of the business to his remote staff.According to Rappaport; ‘There should never be any surprises’. This is a description that best suit a successful relationship with remote employees.SummaryAs a remote employee one may hardly be recognized since one is not visibly seen in the office .Sometimes the dirty and difficult job may even be done by that unknown worker. Wise business owners had developed a way in getting these remote workers excited as they in turn work for the company’s growth. With the presence of computer and internet access, most employees have taken a new lifestyle working from home.Some companies benefits if their employee’s works from the comfort of their homes, especially the small business owner’s .They believe that productivity increases wit the remote workers.What mostly attracts them is the salary. According to N illes ‘the higher the salary, the more the productivity gain. In this challenge of managing remote employees, it can easily be seen that business owners are themselves the obstacle to a productive remote working relationship. Most of them believe in the presence of the workers around them and the activities in the company instead of results.It is how well not how far! Some of them use devices in checkmating the activities with and without the company’s premises- how their employees are faring, whether they are doing their job or not. Anyway, keeping an eye on an employee is not the only reasons managers like having them around. They may also need their idea as in the progress of work. These ideas are missing when an employee works from the comfort of his or her home.Sometimes employers could be very confused not seeing their employees around them what they often do is-assign projects to them.The introduction of email technology can help any smart management overcome the se difficulties .It helps in keeping the employer and employees connected. Telephone is another device that has helped a lot in connecting people. With this device a teleconference may be held between the people involved in a project so as to stay in touch –employer and the remote employees.To get a remote worker a discussion prior to the date and hour of schedule should be settled. No wonder most of the managers new to remote work will complain that remote workers are difficult people-you hardly get them when you need them. In fact, balance is needed to communicate with a remote worker. In communicating with a remote employee, one should not rely on only one method.Every employee should endeavor to train their remote staff as regards any new technology introduced in the company’s system. An example is the Instant Messaging (IM). With proper introduction of this IM, an employer may create a friendly relation that remote workers may lack. ‘It is a source for humor ’ says Bromberg.Every employer should try to carry their staff along, be it in-office or remote staff.BibliographyThese are excerpt from the article written by Sandlund C.Retrieved March 22,2007,From Google search database.Books Used. Managing Telework; ‘Strategies for Managing the virtual workforce’ by Jack M. Nilles (John Wiley & Sons; $34.95; 1998).‘An Organizational guide to telecommuting’ by George. M.Puskurich (American Society for Training & Development: $29.95; 1998).Website & Organisations.International Telework Association & council (http://www.telcoa.org/)-member organization in telework.These are excerpt from the article written by Chris Sandlund.Online Services Schedule online (http://www.scheduleonline.com/) is an online scheduling tool that can help coordinate meeting & event between in-office & remote staff.

Color Me Butterfly Essay

Me Butterfly Essay In Color Me Butterfly, L. Y. Marlow describes an African American family in the 20th century. Not only does she describe the family’s experiences, she also explains events common to many African-Americans during this time. The book covers Isaac’s experience in the Great Migration. It also describes the Civil Rights movement, racial tension in America, and history from the late 1980’s through 2001. In studying this novel, the reader follows the experiences of many African Americans during the 1900s. The Great Migration was the movement of large numbers of African Americans from small southern towns and rural neighborhoods to large northern cities. Many African Americans moved up north because of the economy. Because of the lack of work, Isaac wanted to move up north to have a steady income. â€Å"Isaac convinced his parents to let him move by telling them; he’d make plenty more money in the big city than the little he earned sharecropping, and he’d be able to send them something every now and then. This proves that because of the lack of work in Kingstree, he moved up north not only for his family but himself to have a better life. The Civil Rights movement is mentioned several times throughout Marlow’s novel. People involved in the movement worked to ensure equality among African Americans and whites. In the south, it was all about segregation, but it was also segregation up north. One night, Mattie, Roy, and their friends were on their way to visit his neighbor.

Do People Learn Who They Are Only When They Are Forced

Abraham Lincoln, one of the greatest leaders in American history who has votes himself entirely into the great reformation of the country, was not as dutiful as in his presidency before he become the leader Of United States. During his early political career, his opinion on controversy of slavery had always been neutral in front of public. Nevertheless, he showed his firmness and fortitude on reforming the social structure of the country after he had won his election. The difference between early and late politic career of Abraham Lincoln perfectly demonstrate that people need external force to achieve a new level in their career.Another person who depicts brand new self after tremendous life change would be Kimberly Ghana, the Chinese girl from â€Å"Girl in Translation†. In the book, the girl and her family have immigrated to the great united States. The cruel reality she was living in made her become strong and brave when facing others who bully and disdain her. Despite all the pressure, she managed to study hard and gained scholarship in new private school. The headmaster admired her resilience and talents. Eventually, the saying â€Å"chance favors only the prepared mind† has proven on Kimberly. Her outstanding academic impressed Yale University.

Other Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Other - Essay Example a. Cash flow estimation: This step involves determining the annual net operating flows that are expected when a project becomes operational, the outlays of investment, and the cash outflows that will be associated with the project upon its termination. A lot of variables are involved in the determination of cash flow forecast and as such requires the participation of several individual and departments of an organization. To a greater number of health care organizations, this step would be the most complicated and demanding one as it is always difficult to determine the projections of costs and revenues of large and complex projects accurately. The other rationale for qualifying this stage as the most challenging to the organizations is that it usually hard to overstate the difficulty or importance of correctly determining the forecast for the project’s cash flows (Berger, 2008). Consequently, this stage requires proper analysis, not unless the firm’s costs may outweigh the revenues thus, likely to result into cannibalization. In effect, the firm may underestimate the true profitability of the project by not recognizing its strategic value which is the value of future opportunities of investment that the health care firm may undertake only if the current project is accepted. b. Conducting a replacement analysis: Replacement analysis deals with replacement decisions, which are made when considering a new asset that replaces and old asset. The analysis of the replacement cash flow is complex and so might turn a challenge to the health care organizations. When compared to the expansion decision, the health care organization may find that the replacement is more complex as it must consider all the cash flows from the existing asset. By the organization considering its operating flows, it shall find that the incremental flows are the cash flows expected from the replacement assets less